Harvard Referencing

Write the text word for word and place quotation marks at the beginning and end of the quotation. The author, date and page number must be included.

"Australia is a settler society" (Hudson & Bolton 1997, p. 9).

Wartime textile rationing was imposed through a coupon system, which meant garments now had two costs: their value in monetary units and in coupons (McKernan 1995, p. 152).

You do not need to include page numbers because it is the entire work you are referring to:

Larsen and Greene (1989) studied the effects of pollution in three major cities...

You must acknowledge both sources in your text:

Graham Gibbs, in his 1981 study into student learning wrote that "because students are aware of their tutor’s mastery of the subject matter, it is quite common for them to assume that their reader has no needs at all" (Gibbs 1981, p. 39, cited in Bowden & Marton 1998, p. 35).

In the List of References, record the book that you actually sourced:

Bowden, J & Marton, F 1998, The university of learning, Kogan Page, London.

Separate the references either with a semicolon or the word and

(Entwistle 1977; Haddon 1969) or :

Entwistle (1977) and Haddon (1969) both demonstrated ...

Include both names in the order in which they appear on the title page:

(Gerster & Basset 1987) or:

Gerster and Basset (1987) assert that ...

Gerster, R & Bassett, J 1991, Seizures of youth: the sixties and Australia, Hyland House, Melbourne.

Use the surname of the first author and et al. (‘and others’) in the text:

Leeder et al. (1996, p. 78) argued ... or:

(Leeder et al. 1996)

Leeder, SR, Dobson, AJ, Gibbers, RW, Patel, NK, Mathews, PS, Williams, DW & Mariot, DL 1996, The Australian film industry, Dominion Press, Adelaide.

Don't use et al. in the list of references. List all authors in the order in which they appear on the title page

Arrange citations in chronological order:

(Smith 1981, 1984, 1985)

Use their initials to indicate different people:

The theory was first developed early this century (Smith, A K 1979) but later many of its elements were refuted (Smith, J A 1979).

Attach an a, b, c, d etc. after the year:

Dawkins (1972a, 1972b) completed a number of studies on...

For example, a preface, introduction or foreword contributed by someone other than the author of the publication:

Drabble (in Bronte 1978) suggests ….

n the List of References, provide the details of the publication to which the contribution was made:

Bronte, E 1978, Wuthering Heights and poems, H Osborne (ed.), Orion Publishing Group, London. Introduction by Margaret Drabble.